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Guanidine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of guanidine, a strong basic compound with parasympathomimetic activity. Guanidine hydrochloride enhances the release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse and potentiates acetylcholine actions on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. It also appears to slow the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes.

Applications

Guanidine Hydrochloride is useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of proteins.  This strong denaturant can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies and be used for the recovery of periplasmic proteins.  This can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form.  Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary.  

It is also used in the isolation of RNA to dissociate the nucleoprotein into its nucleic acid and protein moieties.

It is an inhibitor of RNase.